Dyslexia is a specific type of language-based learning disability. It is an inherited condition that is neurological in origin, which hinders the acquisition of reading and writing skills. Dyslexia is a language-based disorder that does not arise from a physical limitation or a developmental disability. In Ontario, dyslexic students may be identified by the Ministry of Education as learning disabled with a Communication Exception; however, not all dyslexics may meet the criteria for special education resources. In Ontario , the terms Specific Reading Disability, Specific Spelling Disability or Specific Writing Disability may also be used.

Dyslexia may present with varying degrees of severity.

Dyslexia is characterized by deficits or difficulties in all or several of the following areas:

Reading Difficulties

• Learning sounds of letters
• Separating words into sounds
• Slow and inaccurate reading
• Poor reading comprehension

Oral Language Difficulties

• Delayed spoken language
• Misinterpretation of language that is heard
• Lack of awareness of different sounds in words and rhymes
• Organizing thoughts

Writing Difficulties

• Organization of ideas
• Poor spelling
• Poor letter formation and spatial organization

Mathematics Difficulties

• Memorizing math facts
• Correct sequencing of steps when solving problems
• Transposing digits within numbers

Misconceptions about Dyslexia

• Dyslexia is not a result of low intelligence. (An unexpected gap exists between learning aptitude and achievement.)
• The problem is not behavioral, psychological, motivational or social.
• People with dyslexia do not "see backward."